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What is e-learning?
As opposed to the Computer Based Training of the 1980s, the term
e-learning is most frequently used to refer to computer based training
which incorporates technologies that support interactivity beyond
what would be provided by a single computer.
E-learning, therefore, is an approach to facilitate and enhance
learning through the use of devices based on both computer and communications
technology. Such devices can include personal computers, CDROMs,
Digital Television, P.D.A.s and Mobile Phones. Communications technology
enables the use of the Internet, email, discussion forums, collaborative
software and team learning systems.
E-learning may also be used to support distance learning through
the use of WANs (Wide area networks), and may also be considered
to be a form of flexible learning where just-in-time learning is
possible. Courses can be tailored to specific needs and asynchronous
learning is possible. Where learning occurs exclusively online,
this is called online education. When learning is distributed to
mobile devices such as cell phones or PDAs, it is called M-learning.
Contents of this Article:
1 Supporting learning online
2 Blended learning
3 Pedagogy of e-learning
4 Organizing the content
5 Instructional Design
6 Educational Blogging
7 Creating media
8 Binding it together
Supporting learning online
Some view e-learning as a means to effective or efficient learning,
due to its ease of access and the pace being determined by the learner.
Others point out that that e-learning software developers tend to
limit their focus on course delivery and content, while online education
institutions require a much wider range of educational services.
E-learning systems such as Moodle often work towards a student-centred
learning solution, building upon a social-constructivist pedagogy.
Blended learning
Not every e-learning resource, usage or provision is necessarily
'exclusively e-learning', sometimes a hybrid 'blended learning'
solution is available, either combining distance learning with direct
contact 'close at hand' human educational resources, or combining
software driven resources with human intervention (whether remote
or local, computer mediated [such as through email or chat] or non-computer
mediated [such as face to face or telephone] or combining software
driven resources with any other educational resource [TV, radio,
books, tapes, etc.])Advances in technology have allowed for the
growth of collaborative web-based learning opportunities. Asynchronous
activities use technologies such as blogs, wikis, and discussion
boards, and allow participants to contribute when time allows. Synchronous
activities occur with all participants joining in at once, as with
a chat session or a virtual classroom or meeting such as those offered
by WebEx, Elluminate and Centra.
On the practical side some e-learning is about organizing the topics
to be taught and creating multimedia CD-ROMs or web sites. An important
advantage is generally seen in the fact that hyperlinking is possible
and having interactive parts illustrating difficult things or for
doing exercises. In higher education especially, the increasing
tendency is to create a Managed Learning Environment (MLE which
is a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) combined with a Managed
Information System (MIS)) in which all aspects of a course are handled
through a consistent interface that is standard throughout an institution,
giving students a consistent user interface.
Often a design approach is implemented which involves creating
or re-using Learning Objects. These are self contained units properly
tagged with keywords, or other metadata, and often stored in an
XML file format. These are put in a database and creating a course
requires putting together a sequence of learning objects.
Pedagogy of e-learning
One important point is to help teachers organize their pedagogical
perspective. Some institutes for Higher education are devoted to
this mission (training, counselling, funding, development, etc.).
More recent approaches focus on dialogue, interaction and collaborative
activities - courses still contain content but it is of secondary
importance or is generated by the students. An open source course
management system that makes this approach easier is Moodle. This
advocates Social-Constructivism as a pedagogical perspective, whereby
learners construct their knowledge through discussion, thereby enhancing
their thinking skills.
Organizing the content
For whom do we create e-learning content
What do they need to learn
How do we organize the content
Which tools / platform do we use? For creating? For delivering?
Educational Blogging
With the advent of blogs, numerous educational experts routinely
publish their personal explorations in this burgeoning field. Additionally,
blogs are widely used in classrooms. See Educational Blogging by
Stephen Downes. See also this list of educational bloggers by George
Siemens. See also the Educational Bloggers Network.
Most often HTML is used to bind together the different e-learning
media. Sometimes XML based files are created which are then rendered
to HTML/CSS/JavaScript by using an XSLT transformation. However
often proprietary technologies are used like Macromedia Director,
an authoring tool, which leverages the JavaScript-like language
called ActionScript to enable advanced functionality and interactivity.
One standard for presenting e-learning content is SCORM whilst
other specifications allow for the transporting of "learning
objects" (Schools Interoperability Framework) or categorizing
meta-data(UKLOM).
Soflex
Online is a supporter of Wikipedia.
This article is from Wikipedia, the public domain free encyclopedia.
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